Charles the Bald

Field of Lies - Louis's sons rebel, army deserts him at Rothfeld, temporarily deposed, later restored

Death of Louis the Pious - dies on campaign against rebellious son Louis the German, civil war erupts immediately

Battle of Fontenoy - Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat Lothair, 40,000 dead, Frankish nobility decimated

Oaths of Strasbourg - Louis and Charles swear alliance in vernacular languages (Old French and Old High German), first such texts

Treaty of Verdun - Carolingian Empire permanently divided: Lothair gets Middle Francia and imperial title, Louis gets East (Germany), Charles gets West (France)

Vikings sack Paris - Ragnar Lothbrok's fleet of 120 ships, Charles the Bald pays 7,000 pounds silver ransom

Treaty of Mersen - Louis the German and Charles the Bald divide Lotharingia after death of Lothair II

Charles the Bald crowned Emperor - bribes Pope John VIII, Louis the German's sons protest

Death of Charles the Bald - dies crossing Alps, son Louis the Stammerer inherits weakened West Francia