Saxony

Charles Martel invades Saxony - forces pagan Saxons to pay tribute, begins Frankish expansion into Germany

First Saxon War begins - Charlemagne invades Saxony, destroys Irminsul (sacred tree), begins 30-year struggle

Saxon rebellion under Widukind - while Charlemagne in Italy, Saxons revolt, begin guerrilla warfare

Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae - harsh laws for Saxony, death for refusing baptism or eating meat during Lent

Final pacification of Saxony - after 32 years of war, Saxony fully incorporated and Christianized, 10,000 Saxons relocated