1642
ID: 2216
English Civil War begins - fundamental conflict over source of law: king or Parliament
ID: 2216
1642
ID: 3487
St. Isaac Jogues tortured by Mohawks - fingers cut off - Returns to missions: 'I would rather be tortured than idle' - Martyred 1646: 'Jesus, Jesus, Jesus'
ID: 3487
1642
ID: 4460
Blaise Pascal invents Pascaline - mechanical calculator using gears and wheels, builds 50 units for sale
ID: 4460