Toulouse

Battle of Toulouse - Duke Odo of Aquitaine defeats Muslim army, temporary halt to Islamic advance

Peire Vidal's mad adventures - eccentric troubadour dresses in wolf skin for lady named Louve (she-wolf), nearly killed by dogs

Cathar perfecti practice endura - ritual fasting unto death after receiving consolamentum, seen as liberation from evil material world

Cathar beliefs on evil matter - taught material world created by evil demiurge, human souls trapped in bodies, procreation evil

Cathar consolamentum described - single sacrament combining baptism, confirmation, ordination, and extreme unction, followed often by endura

Simon de Montfort killed at Toulouse - skull crushed by stone from mangonel operated by women and girls of the city

Treaty of Paris ends Albigensian Crusade - Languedoc subjugated, Inquisition established, troubadour tradition effectively ended