Rouen

Death of William the Conqueror - dies from injury falling from horse, buried at Caen

Murder of Arthur of Brittany - John allegedly kills his nephew with his own hands at Rouen, turns barons against him

Loss of Normandy - Philip Augustus takes Château Gaillard and Rouen, John loses ancestral Angevin lands, earns nickname 'Lackland'

Philip Augustus takes Normandy - captures Rouen, ends 300 years of Norman control, John Lackland flees

Fall of Rouen - six-month siege ends with Norman capital surrendering, 12,000 civilians dead from starvation