1297
ID: 2416
William Wallace's rebellion - defeats English at Stirling Bridge, Edward I forced to return from France
ID: 2416
1297
ID: 5111
Serrata of Great Council - membership restricted to hereditary nobles, Venice becomes closed oligarchic republic
ID: 5111
1297
ID: 5244
August 11, 1297
Louis IX canonized by Pope Boniface VIII - only French king to become saint, model of Christian kingship
ID: 5244