Events from 1675

Philipp Jakob Spener publishes 'Pia Desideria' - Manifesto of Pietist movement - Calls for 'little churches within the church' - Six proposals for reform that bypass institutional church - Creates paradox: Inner spiritual freedom requires external mutual surveillance

Great Apparition - Christ reveals 12 promises including First Friday devotion: 'In the excess of the mercy of My Heart, I promise that My all-powerful love will grant to all those who receive Holy Communion on the First Fridays in nine consecutive months the grace of final perseverance'