1831
ID: 789
Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic induction
ID: 789
1831
ID: 790
Mazzini released from prison but confined to hamlet - conceives Young Italy as Carbonari alternative
ID: 790
1831
ID: 792
Mazzini founds Young Italy - 'God and the People' - goal of unified republican Italy
ID: 792
1831
ID: 793
Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction - mathematical relationship between magnetic fields and current
ID: 793
1831
ID: 2337
English Bankruptcy Court established - specialized court with dedicated judges replaces commissioner system
ID: 2337
1831
ID: 791
February 1831
Final Carbonari uprisings in Bologna, Parma, Modena - Austrian troops destroy volunteer force
ID: 791
1831
ID: 788
February 2, 1831
Pope Gregory XVI elected, suppresses revolts in Papal States with Austrian military assistance
ID: 788