Location:
Italy
Coordinates:
44.4949, 11.3426
Events at Bologna (14)
1088
ID: 2130
University of Bologna founded - Irnerius begins teaching Roman law from newly discovered Digest of Justinian, birth of legal science in Western Europe
ID: 2130
1090
ID: 2131
Irnerius establishes the glossator method - systematic commentary on Roman law texts, creating foundation for European legal education
ID: 2131
1100
ID: 2132
First recorded use of term 'universitas' for collective legal personality - Bologna students form universitas scholarium with legal rights as corporate body
ID: 2132
1119
ID: 2133
Bologna receives charter recognizing student universitas - students gain right to elect rectors, negotiate with city, and internal jurisdiction
ID: 2133
1130
ID: 2135
Four Doctors emerge at Bologna - Bulgarus, Martinus, Jacobus, and Hugo become authoritative interpreters of Roman law
ID: 2135
1140
ID: 2136
Gratian completes Concordia discordantium canonum (Decretum) at Bologna - systematic harmonization of 3,800 texts of canon law, becomes foundation of Church legal system
ID: 2136
1140
ID: 217
Gratian completes Decretum - systematic compilation of canon law, basis for Catholic legal system
ID: 217
1155
ID: 2138
Authentica Habita - Frederick Barbarossa grants special legal privileges to scholars traveling to study, creating protected status for university members
ID: 2138
1160
ID: 2140
Lombard city-states develop podestà system - hiring foreign legal professionals as neutral magistrates, creating market for trained lawyers
ID: 2140
1190
ID: 2145
Tancred of Bologna writes Ordo iudiciarius - standard procedural manual for ecclesiastical courts, spreads Romano-canonical procedure across Europe
ID: 2145
1220
ID: 2150
Azo publishes Summa Codicis - becomes standard textbook of Roman law, 'Chi non ha Azzo non vada a palazzo' (Who doesn't have Azo shouldn't go to court)
ID: 2150
1250
ID: 2152
Accursius completes Glossa Ordinaria - standard gloss on entire Corpus Juris Civilis, contains 96,940 glosses, becomes authoritative as the text itself
ID: 2152
1300
ID: 2160
Bartolus de Saxoferrato begins developing conflict of laws doctrine - theories for determining which law applies when multiple jurisdictions involved
ID: 2160
1831
ID: 791
February 1831
Final Carbonari uprisings in Bologna, Parma, Modena - Austrian troops destroy volunteer force
ID: 791