34 events with tag "corporation"
1100
ID: 2132
First recorded use of term 'universitas' for collective legal personality - Bologna students form universitas scholarium with legal rights as corporate body
ID: 2132
1119
ID: 2133
Bologna receives charter recognizing student universitas - students gain right to elect rectors, negotiate with city, and internal jurisdiction
ID: 2133
1210
ID: 2147
Franciscan Order receives verbal approval - new form of religious corporation with radical poverty, challenging traditional monastic property holding
ID: 2147
1260
ID: 2154
Hostiensis develops theory of corporation - universitas as fictive person distinct from members, can own property, sue and be sued
ID: 2154
1271
ID: 2155
Statute of Mortmain - Edward I restricts transfer of land to religious corporations without royal license, addressing 'dead hand' problem
ID: 2155
1307
ID: 2162
Knights Templar suppressed - Philip IV seizes Templar assets, demonstrating royal power over international religious corporation
ID: 2162
1350
ID: 2166
Bartolus writes on corporation theory - develops idea of corporate will distinct from members, foundation for modern corporate law
ID: 2166
1400
ID: 2170
Medici bank pioneers double-entry bookkeeping for international branches - creating internal law of accounts, foundation for corporate accounting
ID: 2170
1407
ID: 2172
Casa di San Giorgio established in Genoa - joint-stock company managing public debt, prototype of modern corporation
ID: 2172
1494
ID: 2182
Luca Pacioli publishes Summa de Arithmetica including double-entry bookkeeping - spreading legal framework for corporate accounting
ID: 2182
1553
ID: 2191
Muscovy Company chartered - first English joint-stock company with perpetual succession and limited liability
ID: 2191
1580
ID: 2194
Case of Sutton's Hospital - corporation can act through agents, establishing principle of corporate representation
ID: 2194
1585
ID: 2295
Dutch develop maatschap (partnership) and vennootschap (company) distinctions - partnerships personal, companies have separate existence
ID: 2295
1597
ID: 2196
First Dutch East Indies voyage returns 400% profit - demonstrating need for permanent capital and limited liability
ID: 2196
1600
ID: 2197
English East India Company chartered - monopoly on Asian trade with joint-stock structure and governor-and-company organization
ID: 2197
1602
ID: 2198
Dutch East India Company (VOC) established - first publicly traded company with permanent capital and transferable shares
ID: 2198
1621
ID: 2209
Dutch West India Company chartered - innovations include dividend policy and director liability rules
ID: 2209
1629
ID: 2213
Massachusetts Bay Company charter - joint-stock company becomes self-governing commonwealth, corporation as government
ID: 2213
1670
ID: 2302
Hudson's Bay Company uses partnership within corporation - factors trade as partners but within corporate structure
ID: 2302
1694
ID: 2234
Bank of England founded - joint-stock company managing national debt, merger of public and private law
ID: 2234
1701
ID: 2239
Yale College charter - corporation for education with self-perpetuating board, academic corporation model
ID: 2239
1711
ID: 2244
South Sea Company chartered - joint-stock company for government debt conversion, financial innovation
ID: 2244
1720
ID: 2247
South Sea Bubble collapse - speculation scandal leads to Bubble Act restricting joint-stock companies
ID: 2247
1720
ID: 2248
Bubble Act - prohibits joint-stock companies without charter, reaction to South Sea Bubble
ID: 2248
1732
ID: 2252
Georgia charter - trusteeship model for colony, charitable corporation for debtors and poor
ID: 2252
1844
ID: 2340
Joint Stock Companies Act - first general incorporation in England, registration without special charter, but unlimited liability remains
ID: 2340
1855
ID: 2344
Limited Liability Act - shareholders' liability limited to unpaid share amount, revolution in corporate finance
ID: 2344
1856
ID: 2345
Joint Stock Companies Act consolidation - general incorporation with limited liability by simple registration
ID: 2345
1862
ID: 2347
Companies Act consolidates English corporate law - model for Commonwealth countries, spreads limited liability globally
ID: 2347
1889
ID: 2355
Salomon v. Salomon litigation begins - test case for one-man company and corporate personality
ID: 2355
1892
ID: 2357
German GmbH Act - creates new limited liability company form for small business, spreads across Europe
ID: 2357
1897
ID: 2358
Salomon v. Salomon decided - House of Lords upholds one-man company, separate corporate personality absolute
ID: 2358
1908
ID: 2362
Companies (Consolidation) Act - requires disclosure of financial statements, beginning of mandatory transparency
ID: 2362
1933
ID: 2367
U.S. Securities Act - disclosure requirements for public companies, response to 1929 crash
ID: 2367