Location:
Netherlands
Coordinates:
52.3676, 4.9041
Events at Amsterdam (14)
1566
ID: 2192
Dutch Revolt begins challenging Spanish commercial restrictions - fight for economic freedom leads to legal innovations
ID: 2192
1579
ID: 2193
Union of Utrecht establishes Dutch Republic - federal structure with provincial sovereignty, new model of governance
ID: 2193
1585
ID: 2295
Dutch develop maatschap (partnership) and vennootschap (company) distinctions - partnerships personal, companies have separate existence
ID: 2295
1594
ID: 2195
Bank of Amsterdam prototype established - public deposit bank with transferable accounts, foundation for modern banking law
ID: 2195
1597
ID: 2196
First Dutch East Indies voyage returns 400% profit - demonstrating need for permanent capital and limited liability
ID: 2196
1602
ID: 2198
Dutch East India Company (VOC) established - first publicly traded company with permanent capital and transferable shares
ID: 2198
1607
ID: 2200
Bank of Amsterdam officially established - deposits guaranteed by city, accounts transferable by written order, creates commercial money
ID: 2200
1608
ID: 2201
Dutch develop grondbrief system - registered land titles with public recording, modernizing property law
ID: 2201
1609
ID: 2202
Amsterdam Stock Exchange opens - first official stock exchange with regular trading in VOC shares
ID: 2202
1609
ID: 2298
Bank of Amsterdam begins registering partnership agreements - creating public record of partnership terms and partners' authority
ID: 2298
1611
ID: 2205
Dutch develop wisselbank system - negotiable bills of exchange with endorsement, creating commercial paper law
ID: 2205
1621
ID: 2209
Dutch West India Company chartered - innovations include dividend policy and director liability rules
ID: 2209
1764
ID: 2318
Amsterdam creates eerste kamer (first chamber) for bankruptcy - specialized commercial court with merchant judges
ID: 2318
1828
ID: 5703
Conrad van Houten invents cocoa press - creates cocoa powder and Dutch process, makes chocolate affordable
ID: 5703