Events from 1250

Death of Frederick II - end of effective imperial power, German particularism begins

Accursius completes Glossa Ordinaria - standard gloss on entire Corpus Juris Civilis, contains 96,940 glosses, becomes authoritative as the text itself

Troubadour legacy transforms Europe - concept of romantic love, women's elevation, individual emotion becomes permanent in Western culture

Mamluk-Venetian monopoly formalized - Mamluks control Red Sea arrival, Venice gets exclusive European distribution rights

Louis IX captured at Mansourah - entire army destroyed, king ransomed for huge sum, stays in Holy Land 4 years