Location:
France
Coordinates:
44.8378, -0.5792
Events at Aquitaine (23)
720
ID: 2865
Muslim forces cross Pyrenees - conquer Septimania (Narbonne), raid into Aquitaine, threaten Frankish lands
ID: 2865
768
ID: 2882
Pepin conquers Aquitaine - after eight-year war, Duke Waifer killed, Aquitaine fully incorporated
ID: 2882
799
ID: 3697
Vikings raid Aquitaine - first recorded Viking raid on continental Francia, beginning expansion beyond British Isles
ID: 3697
1050
ID: 5285
Arabic love poetry influences Aquitaine - through contact with Moorish Spain, zajal and muwashshah forms inspire troubadour lyrics
ID: 5285
1100
ID: 5286
Occitan becomes literary language - troubadour poetry makes langue d'oc the language of refined culture across southern Europe
ID: 5286
1110
ID: 5267
Troubadour culture flourishes in Aquitaine - William IX establishes courts of love, patronizes poets, creates new art form
ID: 5267
1120
ID: 5293
Troubadour poetic forms established - canso (love song), sirventes (political), alba (dawn song), pastorela (pastoral), tenso (debate)
ID: 5293
1130
ID: 5268
Marcabru becomes troubadour - 'dark style' poet criticizes courtly love as adultery, fierce moral stance
ID: 5268
1130
ID: 5294
Fin'amor concept developed - 'refined love' as spiritual improvement through desire, love as source of virtue and courtesy
ID: 5294
1140
ID: 5288
Troubadours revolutionize concept of love - create idea of romantic love as ennobling force, individual choice over arranged marriage
ID: 5288
1140
ID: 5295
Troubadours develop 'joi' concept - complex emotion combining joy and suffering, ecstasy through unfulfilled desire
ID: 5295
1150
ID: 5287
Troubadour melodies preserved - about 250 melodies survive with notation, complex musical forms accompany poetry
ID: 5287
1150
ID: 5296
Mezura becomes troubadour ideal - moderation, self-control, proper courtesy essential to refined lover
ID: 5296
1160
ID: 5272
Countess of Die composes cansos - most famous trobairitz (female troubadour), writes passionate love songs from woman's perspective
ID: 5272
1170
ID: 5289
Troubadour influence creates Minnesinger tradition - German courts adapt courtly love poetry, Walther von der Vogelweide emerges
ID: 5289
1173
ID: 5277
Death of Raimbaut d'Aurenga - innovative troubadour who pushed boundaries of form, combined trobar clus and trobar leu styles
ID: 5277
1180
ID: 5276
Arnaut Daniel perfects 'trobar clus' - hermetic style of difficult, complex poetry, later praised by Dante as 'il miglior fabbro'
ID: 5276
1190
ID: 5279
Richard Lionheart as troubadour - English king composes songs in Occitan and French, legend of troubadour Blondel finding him
ID: 5279
1209
ID: 5281
Albigensian Crusade begins destroying troubadour culture - northern French attack Occitan lands, courts destroyed, patrons killed
ID: 5281
1209
ID: 5282
July 1209
Massacre at Béziers - 'Kill them all, God will know his own' - troubadour courts annihilated, Occitan culture suppressed
ID: 5282
1220
ID: 5283
Troubadour diaspora - surviving troubadours flee to Italy and Spain, influence Dante and dolce stil novo
ID: 5283
1220
ID: 5290
Sicilian School founded - Emperor Frederick II, influenced by troubadours, creates first Italian vernacular poetry school
ID: 5290
1250
ID: 5292
Troubadour legacy transforms Europe - concept of romantic love, women's elevation, individual emotion becomes permanent in Western culture
ID: 5292