Events from 1150

Gerard of Cremona translating in Toledo - will translate 87 works including Avicenna's Canon of Medicine

Hildegard of Bingen writes medical texts - Physica and Causae et Curae, holistic healing

Vacarius brings Roman law to Oxford - begins teaching from his Liber Pauperum, introducing Continental legal science to England

St. Hildegard founds monastery at Bingen - becomes renowned for medicine, music, and mysticism

Bernart de Ventadorn at Eleanor's court - greatest troubadour lyricist, perfects canso form, possibly Eleanor's lover

Troubadour melodies preserved - about 250 melodies survive with notation, complex musical forms accompany poetry

Mezura becomes troubadour ideal - moderation, self-control, proper courtesy essential to refined lover

Venetian funduq established in Cairo - permanent trading post and warehouse, Venice gets privileged access to spices