134 events with tag "Germany"
9 BC
ID: 2726
Battle of Teutoburg Forest - Varus loses three legions to Germanic tribes, Augustus: 'Varus, give me back my legions!'
ID: 2726
120
ID: 5441
Rhine wine production established - Roman legions plant vineyards along Rhine, beginning of German wine tradition
ID: 5441
450
ID: 4171
Sigurd slays dragon Fafnir - bathes in blood for invulnerability, understands bird speech (Germanic chronicles)
ID: 4171
531
ID: 2833
Frankish conquest of Thuringia - Theuderic and Chlothar destroy kingdom, massacre royal family, eastern expansion
ID: 2833
884
ID: 3943
St. Adrian III becomes hundred-ninth pope - dies traveling to Germany
ID: 3943
888
ID: 2951
Arnulf becomes King of East Francia - illegitimate Carolingian, defeats Vikings at Dyle (891)
ID: 2951
911
ID: 2955
Conrad I elected German king - Duke of Franconia, first non-Carolingian German king, struggles with dukes
ID: 2955
919
ID: 2956
Henry the Fowler elected - Saxon duke becomes German king, founds Ottonian dynasty
ID: 2956
939
ID: 3961
Stephen VIII becomes hundred-twenty-seventh pope - puppet of Alberic II, mediates between Germany and France
ID: 3961
1170
ID: 5289
Troubadour influence creates Minnesinger tradition - German courts adapt courtly love poetry, Walther von der Vogelweide emerges
ID: 5289
1190
ID: 223
Teutonic Knights founded in Acre - will conquer and Christianize Baltic region
ID: 223
1339
ID: 4785
Werner von Urslingen forms Great Company - German mercenaries in Italy, armor inscribed 'Enemy of God, Enemy of Pity'
ID: 4785
1346
ID: 4163
Fourteen Holy Helpers devotion begins in Germany - response to Black Death, special intercessors against diseases
ID: 4163
1445
ID: 4164
Vierzehnheiligen vision - shepherd boy sees fourteen children who identify as Holy Helpers, basilica later built at site
ID: 4164
1519
ID: 4205
Worms Chronicle records dragon - city records describe dragon seen near Rhine, multiple witness testimonies
ID: 4205
1530
ID: 2186
Reception of Roman law accelerated in Germany - imperial courts require Roman law training, displacing local customs
ID: 2186
1580
ID: 3509
Peak Jesuit influence in Counter-Reformation (1580s-1590s) - Recover Poland, parts of Germany - Protestant alarm: 'They have stolen our method of education and improved it'
ID: 3509
1597
ID: 3521
St. Peter Canisius dies - wrote first German catechism - Reconverted much of Germany through education - 'If you have much, give much; if little, give little, but give with heart'
ID: 3521
1830
ID: 779
March 25, 1830
Pope Pius VIII issues Litteris Altero on mixed marriages - entirely disapproved and avoided
ID: 779
1835
ID: 803
First German railway line opens Nuremberg to Furth - Prussia leads European railroad development
ID: 803
1849
ID: 870
Frederick William IV rejects German crown from Frankfurt Parliament - crown from the gutter
ID: 870
1871
ID: 980
Germany 1870-1885: one million vaccinated persons died from small-pox
ID: 980
1879
ID: 1017
Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary established
ID: 1017
1882
ID: 1034
Triple Alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
ID: 1034
1887
ID: 5612
August 23, 1887
British Merchandise Marks Act requires 'Made in Germany' labeling - intended to warn consumers of inferior German copies of Sheffield cutlery and Birmingham goods
ID: 5612
1888
ID: 2354
German Partnership Code (HGB) - distinguishes OHG (general), KG (limited), and stille Gesellschaft (silent) partnerships
ID: 2354
1893
ID: 1110
Alfred Ploetz publishes The Fitness of Our Race, founding German racial hygiene movement
ID: 1110
1894
ID: 1114
Franco-Russian Alliance formed, creating potential two-front war scenario for Germany
ID: 1114
1896
ID: 5613
British journalist Ernest Edwin Williams publishes 'Made in Germany' - admits German goods now rival British quality, marking has backfired
ID: 5613
1897
ID: 5592
German machine tool industry begins precision revolution - Loewe & Co. in Berlin produces lathes accurate to 0.001mm
ID: 5592
1897
ID: 5603
Hermann Pfauter patents gear hobbing machine in Germany - revolutionizes precision gear manufacturing
ID: 5603
1900
ID: 5594
German metallurgists study Taylor-White high-speed steel from America, begin developing superior tool steels
ID: 5594
1900
ID: 5604
German dual education system produces highly skilled machinists - apprentice-journeyman-Meister progression becomes global model
ID: 5604
1900
ID: 5614
'Made in Germany' becomes mark of quality - British attempt to stigmatize German goods completely backfires as German engineering reputation grows
ID: 5614
1906
ID: 5593
Friedrich Kick develops scientific theory of chip formation in metal cutting - establishes mathematical basis for machining
ID: 5593
1908
ID: 1173
Daily Telegraph Affair: Wilhelm II's controversial interview damages Germany's international relations
ID: 1173
1911
ID: 1202
General von Bernhardi's 'Germany and the Next War': 'War is a biological necessity... Without war, inferior or decaying races would easily choke the growth of healthy budding elements'
ID: 1202
1912
ID: 1207
Balkan Wars: Austria-Hungary and Germany support different sides, increasing instability in Europe
ID: 1207
1913
ID: 1223
Stainless steel first produced commercially by Krupp in Germany
ID: 1223
1913
ID: 5615
German exports to Britain reach £40 million - 'Made in Germany' now premium brand, Germany surpasses Britain in steel production
ID: 5615
1914
ID: 1227
German Foreign Office initiates 'jihad strategy' - Kaiser Wilhelm II declares himself 'protector of Islam,' attempts to incite Islamic uprising against British Empire
ID: 1227
1914
ID: 1229
World War I - German military doctrine based on Darwinian philosophy; Kaiser: 'the Reich needs new territory'
ID: 1229
1914
ID: 1230
Vernon Kellogg documents: 'The creed of the almightiness of natural selection based on violent struggle is the gospel of the German intellectuals'
ID: 1230
1915
ID: 1233
German-Ottoman intelligence cooperation established; German officers lead Ottoman operations against British in Middle East
ID: 1233
1916
ID: 1239
Germany begins producing synthetic rubber due to Allied blockades, accelerating polymer science
ID: 1239
1917
ID: 1251
Germany facilitates Lenin's return to Russia, funding Bolshevik Revolution to remove Russia from war
ID: 1251
1917
ID: 5595
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) founded - German standardization revolutionizes precision manufacturing
ID: 5595
1918
ID: 1265
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Germany gains massive Eastern European territory before final collapse
ID: 1265
1919
ID: 1275
Treaty of Versailles - sets stage for German resentment and strategic adaptation
ID: 1275
1919
ID: 2365
German Bankruptcy Code reform - allows discharge without creditor consent, social view of bankruptcy
ID: 2365
1919
ID: 5596
German engineers perfect precision grinding machines (Schleifmaschinen) achieving surface finishes under 0.1 micron
ID: 5596
1919
ID: 5609
DIN standardizes metric threads - German thread cutting becomes global standard replacing various national systems
ID: 5609
1920
ID: 1299
Rockefeller Foundation funds Kaiser Wilhelm Institute eugenics research in Germany
ID: 1299
1920
ID: 5599
VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) establishes machining research committees - systematic study of cutting forces and tool wear
ID: 5599
1921
ID: 1300
Baur-Fischer-Lenz 'Foundation of Human Heredity and Race Hygiene' published - heavily cited American eugenic research
ID: 1300
1922
ID: 1309
Treaty of Rapallo - Secret German-Soviet military cooperation begins, circumventing Versailles restrictions
ID: 1309
1923
ID: 5600
German machine tool builders like DMG (Deutsche Maschinenfabrik) begin dominating precision milling machine market
ID: 5600
1924
ID: 5605
AWF (Ausschuss für wirtschaftliche Fertigung) established - applies scientific management to German machining
ID: 5605
1925
ID: 1330
IG Farben officially formed - merger of six German chemical companies becomes world's largest chemical corporation
ID: 1330
1925
ID: 5608
German chemical industry develops synthetic cutting fluids - improved cooling and lubrication increases tool life 300%
ID: 5608
1926
ID: 5598
Krupp develops sintered tungsten carbide cutting tools - 'Widia' (Wie Diamant - like diamond) revolutionizes machining speeds
ID: 5598
1929
ID: 5602
German engineers develop first quantitative surface roughness measurement standards and instruments
ID: 5602
1930
ID: 1383
Schacht conducts extensive speaking tour in United States promoting German reparations reduction (1930-1931)
ID: 1383
1933
ID: 1400
Hitler comes to power in Germany
ID: 1400
1935
ID: 5597
German machining researcher Max Kronenberg publishes comprehensive chip formation mechanics, influencing Ernst and Merchant
ID: 5597
1937
ID: 5606
German researchers establish optimal tool geometry relationships - rake angles, clearance angles for different materials
ID: 5606
1938
ID: 1461
Anschluss with Austria demonstrates German strategy of 'legal' territorial expansion through political manipulation
ID: 1461
1938
ID: 5601
Carl Zeiss develops first optical comparators and precision measuring instruments for machining quality control
ID: 5601
1940
ID: 1498
German scientists develop synthetic rubber (Buna) on a large scale due to wartime shortages
ID: 1498
1940
ID: 5610
German researchers identify regenerative chatter in machining - develop mathematical models for vibration control
ID: 5610
1940
ID: 3771
April 9, 1940
Germany invades Denmark - occupation in single day, government initially remains but cooperates with Nazis
ID: 3771
1941
ID: 4291
May 1941
Konrad Zuse completes Z3 in Berlin - world's first working programmable, automatic digital computer
ID: 4291
1948
ID: 5611
German machine tool industry rebuilds after war - focus on precision and quality establishes 'German engineering' reputation
ID: 5611
1949
ID: 1621
Federal Republic of Germany established with Gehlen Organization as intelligence foundation
ID: 1621
1949
ID: 5607
German engineers begin developing numerical control concepts parallel to MIT work, focusing on programming languages
ID: 5607
1951
ID: 1648
Germany becomes founding member of European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
ID: 1648
1953
ID: 1676
Landsberg Prison emptied - last 300+ war criminals released by German authorities
ID: 1676
1957
ID: 1723
Germany signs Treaty of Rome as founding member of European Economic Community
ID: 1723
1957
ID: 1724
Germany holds its first EU Council Presidency
ID: 1724
1961
ID: 1774
Germany holds second EU Council Presidency
ID: 1774
1963
ID: 1798
Élysée Treaty signed between France and Germany, establishing framework for cooperation
ID: 1798
1964
ID: 1809
Germany holds third EU Council Presidency
ID: 1809
1967
ID: 1839
Germany holds fourth EU Council Presidency
ID: 1839
1970
ID: 1875
Germany holds fifth EU Council Presidency
ID: 1875
1974
ID: 1927
Germany holds sixth EU Council Presidency
ID: 1927
1978
ID: 1956
Germany holds seventh EU Council Presidency
ID: 1956
1983
ID: 2009
Germany holds eighth EU Council Presidency
ID: 2009
1985
ID: 2034
Single European Act negotiated; Germany plays key role in single market creation
ID: 2034
1988
ID: 2056
Germany holds ninth EU Council Presidency
ID: 2056
1991
ID: 2087
Germany insists on European Central Bank being modeled on Bundesbank
ID: 2087
1994
ID: 2118
Germany holds tenth EU Council Presidency
ID: 2118
1997
ID: 3020
NATO expansion begins - Eastern European countries move into German sphere of influence
ID: 3020
1999
ID: 3034
Euro currency launched - German economic control of Europe formalized
ID: 3034
1999
ID: 3036
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia - German strategic interests in Balkans advanced
ID: 3036
2001
ID: 3057
September 11, 2001
9/11 attacks planned from Hamburg, Germany - German intelligence has advance knowledge
ID: 3057
2003
ID: 3083
Iraq War launched - German opposition provides political cover while German companies profit from reconstruction
ID: 3083
2003
ID: 3084
Rose Revolution in Georgia - German-trained activists using EU integration model
ID: 3084
2004
ID: 3099
Orange Revolution in Ukraine - German political foundations heavily involved
ID: 3099
2005
ID: 3114
Angela Merkel becomes German Chancellor - systematic expansion of German influence begins
ID: 3114
2005
ID: 3115
Iranian nuclear crisis escalates - German companies maintain trade relationships
ID: 3115
2007
ID: 3139
Germany holds eleventh EU Council Presidency under Angela Merkel
ID: 3139
2007
ID: 3140
Germany successfully negotiates Treaty of Lisbon after Constitutional Treaty failure
ID: 3140
2007
ID: 3143
XKeyscore used by Germany's BND since 2007 - 'Widest reaching' NSA data collection system
ID: 3143
2010
ID: 3179
European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) created following Franco-German proposal
ID: 3179
2010
ID: 3180
Germany leads creation of €440 billion rescue mechanism for eurozone crisis
ID: 3180
2011
ID: 3194
Germany initially hesitant on Greek bailout but Merkel ultimately provides crucial support
ID: 3194
2011
ID: 3195
Second Greek bailout package - Germany becomes indispensable for eurozone survival
ID: 3195
2011
ID: 3196
Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance (Fiscal Compact) agreed
ID: 3196
2012
ID: 3211
European Stability Mechanism (ESM) formally adopted - Germany's approval crucial
ID: 3211
2012
ID: 3212
ECB President Mario Draghi's 'whatever it takes' speech - German Bundesbank opposes but cannot prevent
ID: 3212
2013
ID: 3240
Euromaidan protests begin - German political foundations provide training and funding
ID: 3240
2015
ID: 3271
Minsk II Agreements - German mediation ensures continued conflict
ID: 3271
2015
ID: 3273
Greek bailout crisis - Germany leads tough negotiations under Merkel
ID: 3273
2016
ID: 3285
Brexit referendum - removes primary opponent to German EU dominance
ID: 3285
2016
ID: 3286
Donald Trump election - German-influenced 'Russiagate' narrative begins
ID: 3286
2017
ID: 3297
German Foreign Ministry increases funding to Ukrainian Nazi groups
ID: 3297
2017
ID: 3298
AfD enters German Parliament - controlled opposition maintains democratic legitimacy
ID: 3298
2018
ID: 3308
Skripal poisoning - German chemical weapons expertise suspected
ID: 3308
2019
ID: 3317
Normandy Format talks fail - German mediation ensures continued conflict
ID: 3317
2020
ID: 3329
COVID-19 crisis - German pharmaceutical companies profit while US economy suffers
ID: 3329
2020
ID: 3330
Joe Biden election - returns German-influenced foreign policy establishment to power
ID: 3330
2020
ID: 3331
Germany holds thirteenth EU Council Presidency during COVID-19 pandemic
ID: 3331
2020
ID: 3332
Germany supports €750 billion Next Generation EU recovery fund
ID: 3332
2021
ID: 3346
Nord Stream 2 pipeline near completion despite US opposition
ID: 3346
2021
ID: 3347
Russian ultimatum on NATO expansion - German strategy forces US-Russian crisis
ID: 3347
2022
ID: 3361
German Leopard tank delivery to Ukraine announced
ID: 3361
2022
ID: 3362
Wagner mutiny in Russia - German intelligence connections suspected
ID: 3362
2022
ID: 3363
$100+ billion US aid to Ukraine approved - German arms industry major beneficiary
ID: 3363
2022
ID: 3365
Scholz delivers Prague speech outlining German leadership in European integration
ID: 3365
2023
ID: 3376
German Leopard tank delivery to Ukraine announced
ID: 3376
2023
ID: 3377
Wagner mutiny in Russia - German intelligence connections suspected
ID: 3377
2023
ID: 3378
$100+ billion US aid to Ukraine approved - German arms industry major beneficiary
ID: 3378
2023
ID: 3380
Scholz delivers Prague speech outlining German leadership in European integration
ID: 3380
2024
ID: 3392
System now covers 80% of EU GDP - Germany's long-term vision realized
ID: 3392