59 events with tag "wine"
6000 BC
ID: 5404
Earliest wine production in Georgia - archaeological evidence of wine in clay qvevri vessels, beginning of viticulture
ID: 5404
4100 BC
ID: 5405
Areni-1 winery in Armenia - oldest known winery with wine press, fermentation vats, storage jars, grape seeds
ID: 5405
3000 BC
ID: 5406
Egyptian wine production begins - tomb paintings show grape cultivation, wine jars labeled with vintage year and vineyard
ID: 5406
2500 BC
ID: 5407
Shiraz becomes wine center - Persian wine production and trade expands, Shiraz grapes spread throughout ancient world
ID: 5407
2000 BC
ID: 5408
Minoan wine culture at peak - elaborate wine vessels, palace wine storage, ritual wine drinking at Knossos
ID: 5408
1500 BC
ID: 5409
Phoenicians spread wine culture - export wine and vines throughout Mediterranean, establish vineyards in colonies
ID: 5409
1200 BC
ID: 5410
Dionysus cult spreads in Greece - wine becomes sacred, symposium culture develops, wine mixed with water as civilized practice
ID: 5410
1000 BC
ID: 5411
Biblical wine references multiply - Noah's vineyard and drunkenness, wine as blessing and curse, central to Hebrew culture
ID: 5411
800 BC
ID: 5412
Homer describes wine culture - 'wine-dark sea,' proper mixing ratios, wine as civilized marker versus barbarism
ID: 5412
700 BC
ID: 5413
Hesiod's Works and Days - first wine-making manual, describes pruning, harvest timing, fermentation techniques
ID: 5413
700 BC
ID: 5419
Roman law forbids women drinking wine - punishable by death, husbands can kill wives for wine drinking (ius osculi - right of kiss to detect)
ID: 5419
650 BC
ID: 5414
Greek wine classification develops - Chian, Lesbian, Thasian wines gain premium status, first wine appellations
ID: 5414
600 BC
ID: 5364
Greeks found Massalia (Marseille) - establishes wine trade with Celts, transforms Celtic culture through introduction of Mediterranean luxury goods
ID: 5364
550 BC
ID: 5365
Vix burial of Celtic princess - massive Greek bronze krater (wine vessel) found, 1.64m tall, shows extent of wine trade and Celtic wealth
ID: 5365
530 BC
ID: 5366
Hochdorf chieftain burial - Celtic prince buried with Greek bronze cauldron, drinking horns, shows wine symposium culture adopted by Celts
ID: 5366
500 BC
ID: 5367
Celtic wine consumption peaks - Diodorus describes Celts drinking wine unmixed (barbaric to Greeks), trading slave for amphora of wine
ID: 5367
500 BC
ID: 5420
Cult of Liber (Bacchus) established - Roman wine god, Liberalia festival celebrates first wine tasting by young men
ID: 5420
450 BC
ID: 5368
La Tène warrior culture spreads with wine trade - Celtic mercenaries paid in wine, new artistic styles spread along trade routes
ID: 5368
450 BC
ID: 5415
Hippocrates prescribes wine medicinally - different wines for different ailments, wine as antiseptic and digestive aid
ID: 5415
400 BC
ID: 5416
Athenian wine laws - symposiarch controls mixing ratios (usually 3:1 water to wine), unmixed wine considered barbaric
ID: 5416
385 BC
ID: 5370
Celtic mercenaries serve Dionysius of Syracuse - paid in wine and gold, Celtic warriors become common in Mediterranean armies
ID: 5370
385 BC
ID: 5417
Plato's Symposium - philosophical dialogue at drinking party, wine enables truth but requires moderation
ID: 5417
350 BC
ID: 5418
Aristotle studies wine - observes fermentation, notes wine's properties, discusses effect on body and mind
ID: 5418
200 BC
ID: 5374
Roman wine trade with Gauls expands - Italian wine cheaper than Greek, Romans export 100,000s of amphorae annually to Gaul
ID: 5374
186 BC
ID: 5422
Bacchanalia suppressed - Senate bans Bacchic mysteries after reports of orgies and conspiracy, 7000 executed
ID: 5422
175 BC
ID: 5394
Rome bans wine export across Alps - attempts to prevent barbarian invasions by keeping Celts from wine, widely ignored by merchants
ID: 5394
160 BC
ID: 5421
Cato writes De Agri Cultura - detailed vineyard management, wine production techniques, slave rations include cheap wine
ID: 5421
150 BC
ID: 5395
Narbo founded as wine port - Roman colony established to control wine trade with interior Gaul, becomes major commercial hub
ID: 5395
130 BC
ID: 5396
Arverni control wine trade - most powerful Gallic tribe, King Bituitus displays wealth with silver wine vessels
ID: 5396
125 BC
ID: 5376
Rome conquers southern Gaul to protect Massalia - secures wine trade route, destroys Entremont, establishes Provincia (Provence)
ID: 5376
121 BC
ID: 5423
Opimian vintage - legendary year, wine still drunk 200 years later, Pliny reports tasting 160-year-old Opimian
ID: 5423
120 BC
ID: 5397
Luernius's legendary feast - Arverni king feeds thousands for days, wine fountain in 12 square mile enclosure, displays Celtic gift economy
ID: 5397
100 BC
ID: 5379
Aedui become 'friends of Roman people' - Celtic tribe controls wine trade, exchanges slaves for Roman wine, later crucial Caesar allies
ID: 5379
100 BC
ID: 5424
Falernian wine reaches peak prestige - Rome's greatest wine, three types (dry, sweet, light), aged 10-20 years, mentioned by every Roman author
ID: 5424
90 BC
ID: 5380
Slave raids devastate Celtic society - tribes raid each other for slaves to trade for Roman wine, Posidonius describes social collapse
ID: 5380
80 BC
ID: 5381
Druids oppose wine trade - see Roman luxury corrupting warrior culture, attempt to limit wine consumption and Roman influence
ID: 5381
50 BC
ID: 5425
Italian wine production peaks - estimated 1.8 million hectoliters annually, massive export throughout Mediterranean and beyond
ID: 5425
50 BC
ID: 5434
Lead sweetening of wine begins - Romans use lead acetate (sapa) to sweeten wine, causes widespread lead poisoning
ID: 5434
41 BC
ID: 5426
Cleopatra's pearl in wine - dissolves priceless pearl in vinegar/wine to win bet with Antony about hosting most expensive banquet
ID: 5426
40 BC
ID: 5401
Gallo-Roman villa culture emerges - Celtic aristocrats adopt Roman lifestyle, wine production begins in Gaul, hybrid culture develops
ID: 5401
23 BC
ID: 5427
Horace's wine poetry - Odes celebrate specific vintages, 'wine loosens tongues and hearts,' promises immortality through verse
ID: 5427
20 BC
ID: 5428
Wine aging becomes investment - Roman cellars (apothecae) age wine in amphorae, vintage wines command huge prices
ID: 5428
30
ID: 5429
Wedding at Cana - Jesus turns water into wine, his first miracle, wine steward notes it's the best wine saved for last
ID: 5429
50
ID: 5430
Glass wine bottles appear - Romans develop glass-blowing, create first wine bottles though amphorae remain standard
ID: 5430
60
ID: 5431
Wine becomes Christian sacrament - Eucharist established using wine as blood of Christ, creates permanent religious demand
ID: 5431
65
ID: 5436
Columella's De Re Rustica - most detailed ancient wine manual, yield calculations, trellis systems, 50+ grape varieties
ID: 5436
70
ID: 5403
Gallic wine production surpasses Italian - former barbarians now export wine to Rome, Pliny complains about competition
ID: 5403
77
ID: 5432
Pliny catalogs 91 wine varieties - Natural History describes wine regions, vintages, production methods, medical uses
ID: 5432
79
ID: 5433
Pompeii preserves wine culture - 200+ wine bars discovered, wine prices on walls, vineyard inside city walls
ID: 5433
90
ID: 5437
Wine auctions established - vintage wines sold at auction in Rome, speculation on future vintages begins
ID: 5437
92
ID: 5439
Domitian bans provincial vineyards - orders half of provincial vines destroyed to protect Italian wine, widely ignored
ID: 5439
100
ID: 5440
Spanish wine dominates trade - Tarraconensis wine shipped throughout empire, Spanish amphorae found from Britain to Egypt
ID: 5440
120
ID: 5441
Rhine wine production established - Roman legions plant vineyards along Rhine, beginning of German wine tradition
ID: 5441
130
ID: 5442
British wine attempts fail - despite repeated attempts, climate prevents successful viticulture, Britain remains import-dependent
ID: 5442
170
ID: 5435
Marcus Aurelius drinks only water - Stoic emperor rejects wine as weakness, sets ascetic example
ID: 5435
180
ID: 5438
Galen systematizes wine medicine - classifies wines by medical properties, prescribes specific wines for specific conditions
ID: 5438
1050
ID: 5467
Cluny develops innovative agricultural practices and becomes major wine producer, with estates throughout Burgundy supporting the monastery
ID: 5467
1316
ID: 5234
June 5, 1316
Death of Louis X - dies after drinking cold wine following tennis match, leaves pregnant widow
ID: 5234
1330
ID: 146
Miracle at Blanot - consecrated wine turns to blood, coagulates in chalice
ID: 146