67 events with tag "technology"
1200 BC
ID: 3641
Iron Age begins - widespread adoption of iron smelting as bronze trade networks collapse
ID: 3641
700 BC
ID: 5340
Etruscan iron mining in Elba - advanced smelting technology, iron traded throughout Mediterranean
ID: 5340
600 BC
ID: 5318
Phoenicians expand Rio Tinto operations - introduce cupellation for silver extraction, export metals throughout Mediterranean
ID: 5318
430 BC
ID: 268
Catapult invented in Syracuse - revolutionizes siege warfare
ID: 268
399 BC
ID: 316
Dionysius I develops siege artillery at Syracuse - catapults become standard in warfare
ID: 316
300 BC
ID: 5353
Archimedes screw invented - revolutionizes mine drainage, later used throughout Roman mines for water lifting
ID: 5353
300 BC
ID: 5384
Celts invent chainmail - revolutionary armor technology later adopted by Romans, made from 20,000+ iron rings
ID: 5384
250 BC
ID: 5385
Celtic plank roads built across bogs - sophisticated timber trackways, some 4km long, predating Roman roads
ID: 5385
200 BC
ID: 5386
Celts invent wheeled reaper - Pliny describes Celtic vallus harvesting machine pushed by oxen, not reinvented until 1800s
ID: 5386
150 BC
ID: 5325
Rio Tinto under Roman control - massive expansion using hydraulic mining, 10,000+ workers, slag heaps reach 30 meters high
ID: 5325
100 BC
ID: 5388
Celts invent wooden barrel - replaces heavy ceramic amphorae for wine storage and transport, revolutionizes trade
ID: 5388
50
ID: 5354
Fire-setting mining technique widespread - Romans heat rock with fire then quench with vinegar to fracture ore veins
ID: 5354
50
ID: 5430
Glass wine bottles appear - Romans develop glass-blowing, create first wine bottles though amphorae remain standard
ID: 5430
60
ID: 5348
Ruina montium perfected at Las Médulas - Romans collapse entire mountains using water pressure, Pliny calls it 'victory over nature'
ID: 5348
75
ID: 5329
Romans develop Dolaucothi gold mines - only known Roman gold mine in Britain, sophisticated aqueducts and water-powered machinery
ID: 5329
80
ID: 5350
Roman drainage wheels at Rio Tinto - series of waterwheels lift water 30 meters from mine depths, 24-hour slave operation
ID: 5350
100
ID: 5346
Mining technology innovations - Romans perfect water-powered ore crushing, advanced ventilation, and deep shaft mining
ID: 5346
105
ID: 4706
Cai Lun invents paper - court eunuch creates paper from bark, hemp, rags
ID: 4706
200
ID: 5334
Roman mining techniques spread empire-wide - drainage wheels, Archimedes screws, fire-setting, and hydraulic mining used from Britain to Egypt
ID: 5334
400
ID: 5344
End of systematic ancient mining - collapse of Western Empire ends large-scale mining until medieval period
ID: 5344
868
ID: 4713
Diamond Sutra printed - world's oldest dated printed book, woodblock printing
ID: 4713
1175
ID: 224
Three-field system spreading across Europe - increases agricultural productivity by 50%
ID: 224
1180
ID: 5845
Mining innovations at Freiberg - water-wheel drainage systems enable deeper mining, output surpasses Rammelsberg
ID: 5845
1185
ID: 207
First recorded windmill in Yorkshire - wind power spreads across Europe for grain milling
ID: 207
1190
ID: 88
Magnetic compass reaches Europe from China via Arab traders - revolutionizing navigation
ID: 88
1267
ID: 89
Roger Bacon describes gunpowder formula in Opus Majus - 'thunder and lightning' can be made by man
ID: 89
1276
ID: 90
First paper mill in Europe established at Fabriano, Italy - cheaper than parchment
ID: 90
1280
ID: 91
First mechanical clocks appear in English monasteries - regulating prayer times with gears not sundials
ID: 91
1286
ID: 92
First mention of eyeglasses in Pisa - 'It is not yet 20 years since the art of making spectacles was discovered'
ID: 92
1299
ID: 93
Merchants of Florence adopt double-entry bookkeeping - capitalism gains its computational tool
ID: 93
1304
ID: 94
First recorded use of cannon at siege of Metz - though ineffective, warfare forever changed
ID: 94
1338
ID: 95
Hourglass appears on Lorenzetti's Allegory of Good Government - time becomes measurable commodity
ID: 95
1346
ID: 63
August 26, 1346
Battle of Crécy - English longbows decimate French chivalry
ID: 63
1346
ID: 96
August 26, 1346
English use early cannons at Crécy - though longbows do most damage, gunpowder enters European battlefield
ID: 96
1370
ID: 97
Public mechanical clock installed in Paris by Charles V - time becomes public rather than ecclesiastical property
ID: 97
1410
ID: 98
Jan van Eyck perfects oil painting technique - achieving unprecedented realism, light seems to emanate from within
ID: 98
1420
ID: 99
First blast furnaces in Rhine Valley produce cast iron - temperature reaches 1500°C, weapons and tools revolutionized
ID: 99
1421
ID: 100
Giovanni de' Medici's bank uses double-entry bookkeeping to manage branches from London to Constantinople
ID: 100
1430
ID: 101
Portuguese develop the caravel - combining lateen and square sails, exploration of African coast begins
ID: 101
1439
ID: 102
Gutenberg begins experiments with movable type - combining wine press, metallurgy, and oil-based ink
ID: 102
1440
ID: 75
Gutenberg develops movable type printing press - revolution in knowledge transmission
ID: 75
1453
ID: 103
May 29, 1453
Mehmed II's giant cannon 'Basilica' breaches Constantinople's walls - 1000-year-old Theodosian walls fall to gunpowder
ID: 103
1456
ID: 104
Gutenberg Bible demonstrates printing press - 180 copies in time it took to make one manuscript
ID: 104
1475
ID: 105
First arquebuses appear in European armies - personal firearms begin replacing crossbows
ID: 105
1488
ID: 106
Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope in caravel - Portuguese ship design proves capable of ocean navigation
ID: 106
1708
ID: 473
Chester Moor Hall applies Newton's chromatic aberration calculations to develop first achromatic lens
ID: 473
1709
ID: 475
Abraham Darby I uses coke instead of charcoal to smelt iron at Coalbrookdale, revolutionizing metallurgy
ID: 475
1729
ID: 492
Thomas Newcomen improves steam engine design using Bernoulli's fluid pressure calculations
ID: 492
1906
ID: 1161
First AM radio broadcast
ID: 1161
1921
ID: 1302
Radio broadcasting expands rapidly across America and Europe
ID: 1302
1925
ID: 1333
Television technology demonstrated
ID: 1333
1935
ID: 1432
First radar systems developed
ID: 1432
1941
ID: 1507
Commercial television broadcasting begins in earnest
ID: 1507
1952
ID: 1668
Television broadcasting spreads globally
ID: 1668
1965
ID: 1819
First commercial communications satellite
ID: 1819
1982
ID: 2006
Compact discs first sold commercially, showcasing advanced optical materials
ID: 2006
1996
ID: 3013
Cell phone usage begins rapid expansion
ID: 3013
1996
ID: 3016
DVD technology commercialized, requiring advanced optical materials
ID: 3016
1997
ID: 3023
Cell phone towers multiply rapidly across globe
ID: 3023
1999
ID: 3040
Y2K computer crisis avoided through mathematical date calculation corrections - demonstrates global dependence on mathematical computation
ID: 3040
2000
ID: 3047
Y2K preparations force massive modernization of accounting systems worldwide
ID: 3047
2001
ID: 3069
3G wireless networks begin deployment
ID: 3069
2005
ID: 3117
Turbulence - NSA information technology project for data analysis begins
ID: 3117
2012
ID: 3225
Smartphone usage becomes ubiquitous globally
ID: 3225
2021
ID: 3358
Solid-state batteries enter limited commercial production for specialized applications
ID: 3358
2022
ID: 3372
Lab-grown meat products first commercialized using advanced biomaterials
ID: 3372
2024
ID: 3402
Advanced solid-state batteries commercialized for electric vehicles by select manufacturers
ID: 3402