49 events with tag "military"
1319 BC
ID: 3659
Horemheb erases Amarna period - systematically destroys Akhetaten, removes names from records
ID: 3659
1200 BC
ID: 3614
Fu Hao leads military campaigns - only female general in Chinese history with archaeological confirmation
ID: 3614
745 BC
ID: 3619
Tiglath-Pileser III seizes power - reforms army, begins systematic deportation policy
ID: 3619
401 BC
ID: 276
March of the Ten Thousand - Greek mercenaries fight way home from Persia, Xenophon leads and documents
ID: 276
385 BC
ID: 5370
Celtic mercenaries serve Dionysius of Syracuse - paid in wine and gold, Celtic warriors become common in Mediterranean armies
ID: 5370
371 BC
ID: 281
Battle of Leuctra - Thebes defeats Sparta using oblique phalanx, ends Spartan hegemony forever
ID: 281
359 BC
ID: 282
Philip II becomes king of Macedon - reforms army with sarissa (long spear), begins conquest of Greece
ID: 282
300 BC
ID: 5384
Celts invent chainmail - revolutionary armor technology later adopted by Romans, made from 20,000+ iron rings
ID: 5384
193
ID: 4034
Septimius Severus proclaimed emperor - African general, marches on Rome, Julianus executed
ID: 4034
738
ID: 2872
Charles Martel confiscates Church lands - uses to fund military reforms and heavy cavalry, angers clergy
ID: 2872
740
ID: 2873
Charles establishes military benefices - grants land in exchange for military service, foundation of feudalism
ID: 2873
871
ID: 5828
Alfred organizes fyrd system - every 5 hides must provide one armed man for militia, thegns serve as mounted warriors
ID: 5828
980
ID: 3746
Harald builds ring fortresses - Trelleborg-type circular fortresses demonstrate royal power and military organization
ID: 3746
1194
ID: 2385
Richard builds Château Gaillard - 'Saucy Castle' on Seine to defend Normandy, engineering masterpiece completed in two years
ID: 2385
1267
ID: 89
Roger Bacon describes gunpowder formula in Opus Majus - 'thunder and lightning' can be made by man
ID: 89
1304
ID: 94
First recorded use of cannon at siege of Metz - though ineffective, warfare forever changed
ID: 94
1346
ID: 96
August 26, 1346
English use early cannons at Crécy - though longbows do most damage, gunpowder enters European battlefield
ID: 96
1453
ID: 103
May 29, 1453
Mehmed II's giant cannon 'Basilica' breaches Constantinople's walls - 1000-year-old Theodosian walls fall to gunpowder
ID: 103
1475
ID: 105
First arquebuses appear in European armies - personal firearms begin replacing crossbows
ID: 105
1713
ID: 477
Frederick William I 'Soldier King' takes Prussian throne, implements Pietist discipline: 'Prussia must be governed like a regiment'
ID: 477
1747
ID: 527
Frederick the Great's artillery officers apply Euler's variational calculus to optimize cannon trajectories
ID: 527
1750
ID: 534
Prussian Military Chaplain's Manual: 'Drill is prayer made visible; parade formation is theology in space'
ID: 534
1750
ID: 537
Benjamin Robins uses Euler's trigonometric methods to improve British naval gunnery calculations
ID: 537
1777
ID: 595
Washington orders mass inoculation of Continental Army - first mass immunization policy in American history
ID: 595
1784
ID: 619
Monge develops descriptive geometry for military engineering and technical drawing
ID: 619
1796
ID: 658
Napoleon's Italian Campaign begins - rise to power
ID: 658
1807
ID: 5574
Prussian Military Reform Commission established after devastating defeat at Jena-Auerstedt - Scharnhorst and Gneisenau begin revolutionary reforms
ID: 5574
1808
ID: 5575
Scharnhorst implements Krumpersystem - rotating short-term conscripts to build trained reserve army despite Napoleon's 42,000-man limit
ID: 5575
1810
ID: 5576
Prussian War Academy (Kriegsakademie) founded in Berlin - creates professional general staff officer corps with scientific military education
ID: 5576
1813
ID: 5577
Universal conscription introduced in Prussia - every male citizen owes military service, creating Landwehr (militia) system
ID: 5577
1859
ID: 5580
Albrecht von Roon becomes Prussian War Minister - proposes army reorganization extending service to 3 years, strengthening regular army over Landwehr
ID: 5580
1862
ID: 5581
Prussian constitutional crisis begins - parliament refuses military budget, Bismarck rules without approval to fund Roon's army reforms
ID: 5581
1862
ID: 5582
Moltke institutionalizes Kriegsspiel (war games) for general staff training - officers practice campaigns on detailed maps with dice for friction
ID: 5582
1864
ID: 5583
Moltke perfects railway mobilization plans - Prussia can concentrate armies faster than any European power using detailed timetables
ID: 5583
1864
ID: 5584
Prussian army fully equipped with Dreyse needle gun - breech-loading rifle allows soldiers to fire prone at 5 rounds per minute
ID: 5584
1865
ID: 5585
Prussian army adopts flexible company column tactics - independent unit maneuver replaces rigid line formations, emphasizing firepower
ID: 5585
1866
ID: 5586
Moltke implements Auftragstaktik (mission-type tactics) - subordinate commanders given objectives but freedom in execution
ID: 5586
1866
ID: 5588
Seven Weeks' War ends - Prussia's military reforms proven decisive, Moltke's planning and modern army crush traditional Austrian forces
ID: 5588
1867
ID: 5589
Prussian army adopts Krupp steel breech-loading artillery - superior range and rate of fire over bronze muzzle-loaders
ID: 5589
1869
ID: 5590
Moltke develops Vernichtungsgedanke (annihilation concept) - strategic encirclement to destroy enemy armies, not just defeat them
ID: 5590
1869
ID: 5591
Moltke introduces staff rides - officers study actual terrain where battles might occur, practicing reconnaissance and planning
ID: 5591
1918
ID: 1272
Soldier Elmer N. Olson sentenced to 15 years military prison for refusing vaccination
ID: 1272
1935
ID: 1432
First radar systems developed
ID: 1432
1940
ID: 1500
Both Allied and Axis forces distributed millions of amphetamine pills to soldiers
ID: 1500
1942
ID: 4251
Remington Rand produces fire control equipment and other military devices during World War II
ID: 4251
1943
ID: 4240
IBM dedicates all production to Allied war effort - punch card machines used for military logistics and calculations
ID: 4240
1952
ID: 4257
May 1952
Remington Rand acquires Engineering Research Associates (ERA) - gains cryptography and military computing expertise
ID: 4257
1962
ID: 5264
St. Genevieve becomes patron of French gendarmes - Pope John XXIII declares her patron of military police
ID: 5264
2000
ID: 3052
Annual US biodefense funding totaled an estimated $700 million (Pre-2001)
ID: 3052